Sockets in the USA
Type AType B
Your Australia plugs don't fit the sockets used in the USA.
From Australia to the US you change both plug and voltage. The US uses flat Type A/B pins, so your Type I plug fits nothing, and it runs on 120V, about half Australia's 230V.
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No, you need a Type A/B adapter.
Lower voltage means single-voltage appliances underperform rather than break; dual-voltage gear is fine.
Types A and B, at 120V / 60Hz.